Types of vitiligo And Symptoms of vitiligo-Huahai Vitiligo Hospital

Types of vitiligo

Scientists separate vitiligo into two types: non-segmental, and segmental vitiligo.

Non-segmental vitiligo

Non-segmental vitiligo is the most common type of vitiligo.

Non-segmental vitiligo is the most common type of vitiligo and occurs in up to 90% of people who have the disorder.

In non-segmental vitiligo, the patches often appear equally on both sides of the body, with some measure of symmetry. The symmetrical patches most commonly appear on skin that is exposed daily to the sun, such as the face, neck and hands, but can also appear in other areas:

• Backs of the hands
• Arms
• Eyes
• Knees
• Elbows
• Feet
• Mouth.

Non-segmental vitiligo is further broken down into sub-categories:

• Generalized vitiligo: no specific area or size of patches, this is the most common type
• Acrofacial vitiligo: mostly on the fingers or toes
• Mucosal vitiligo: depigmentation generally appears around the mucous membranes and lips
• Universal vitiligo: depigmentation covers most of the body, this is very rare
• Focal vitiligo: one, or a few, scattered white patches in a discrete area. Most often occurs in young children.

Segmental vitiligo

Segmental vitiligo has a different form; this condition spreads more rapidly but is considered more constant and stable than non-segmental. It is much less common and affects only about 10% of people with vitiligo.

Segmental vitiligo is more noticeable in early age groups, affecting about 30% of children diagnosed with vitiligo.

It is non-symmetrical and usually tends to affect areas of skin attached to nerves arising in the dorsal roots of the spine. It is more stable, less erratic and responds well to topical treatments.

Symptoms of vitiligo

The only symptom of vitiligo is the appearance of flat white spots or patches on the skin. Generally, the first white spot that becomes noticeable is on an area of the body that is exposed continuously to the sun.

Initially, the vitiligo starts as a simple spot, a little paler than the rest of the skin. But gradually, as time passes, this spot will become much paler until it becomes white.

The shape of these patches are completely irregular, and, at times, the edges can become a little inflamed with a slight red tone, sometimes resulting in itchiness. Other than the appearance of the spots and occasional itchiness, vitiligo does not cause any discomfort, irritation, soreness or dryness in the skin.

Vitiligo is photosensitive; patients should avoid exposing the skin to direct sunlight for a prolonged period.

Predicting whether vitiligo will spread, and by how much, is particularly difficult. The spread of white patches might occur in a matter of weeks for some, and for others, they might stabilize, not growing for months or even years.

If the first symptoms of the white patches are symmetrical (non-segmental vitiligo), the development is much slower than if the patches are in only one area of the body (segmental vitiligo).

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